Swaziland signed the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in 1992 and ratified it in 1994. Swaziland as a party to the Convention on Biological Diversity Swaziland Government has a duty to prepare a National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan which aims to meet the concerns of the Convention and the decisions taken by the Conference of the Parties (COP).

As a consequence of local drive and initiative, supported by GEF funds, Swaziland initiated the drafting of her National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan in 1997 supported by financed by Global Environment Facility. The preparation of the NBSAP was completed in April 1999. However due to expert advice from the Global Environment Facility the report had to be revisited and the revised copy was finalized in April 2001.The NBSAP now awaits Cabinet approval in order to be fully implemented. Whilst awaiting final approval of the NBSAP, the Global Environmental Facility has once again granted the Swaziland Government finances to access Capacity Building Needs for implementing the NBSAP.